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Monolith vs Microservices in .NET Core

  Monolith vs Microservices in .NET Core 1. Monolithic Architecture Definition : A single, unified codebase where all modules (UI, business logic, data access) are part of one large application. Deployment : Deployed as a single unit (e.g., one .exe or .dll ). Scaling : Scales by cloning the entire application (vertical/horizontal scaling). Communication : Internal method calls (no network). Tech Stack : Typically limited to a single framework/runtime. Example in .NET Core : An ASP.NET Core MVC app with controllers, services, and EF Core all in the same project. Single database, one codebase, deployed to IIS/Kestrel. 2. Microservices Architecture Definition : A collection of small, independent services, each responsible for a specific business function. Deployment : Each service runs independently (often in Docker containers). Scaling : Scale individual services based on demand. Communication : Via APIs (REST, gRPC, message queues). ...
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Monolith vs Microservices in .NET Core

 

Monolith vs Microservices in .NET Core

1. Monolithic Architecture

  • Definition: A single, unified codebase where all modules (UI, business logic, data access) are part of one large application.

  • Deployment: Deployed as a single unit (e.g., one .exe or .dll).

  • Scaling: Scales by cloning the entire application (vertical/horizontal scaling).

  • Communication: Internal method calls (no network).

  • Tech Stack: Typically limited to a single framework/runtime.

  • Example in .NET Core:

    • An ASP.NET Core MVC app with controllers, services, and EF Core all in the same project.

    • Single database, one codebase, deployed to IIS/Kestrel.

2. Microservices Architecture

  • Definition: A collection of small, independent services, each responsible for a specific business function.

  • Deployment: Each service runs independently (often in Docker containers).

  • Scaling: Scale individual services based on demand.

  • Communication: Via APIs (REST, gRPC, message queues).

  • Tech Stack: Each service can use different frameworks/languages (polyglot).

  • Example in .NET Core:

    • Separate Order Service, Payment Service, User Service.

    • Each service is its own ASP.NET Core Web API with its own database (Database-per-service).

    • Uses API Gateway (Ocelot/YARP) for routing.

    • Runs in Docker & Kubernetes.

🔹 Key Differences

FeatureMonolith (.NET Core)Microservices (.NET Core)
CodebaseSingle, large projectMultiple smaller projects (per service)
DeploymentOne unitIndependent deployments
ScalabilityEntire app must scaleScale only required service
DatabaseUsually one shared DBSeparate DB per service (Database-per-service pattern)
TechnologyOne stack (e.g., only .NET Core + SQL Server)Polyglot (C#, Node.js, Python, SQL/NoSQL)
CommunicationIn-process callsREST, gRPC, Message Bus (RabbitMQ, Kafka, Azure SB)
Fault IsolationA bug can crash whole appFailures isolated to one service
DevOpsEasier to deployRequires CI/CD pipelines, containers, orchestration
Best ForSmall/medium apps with simple domainLarge, complex, high-scale, distributed systems

🔹 When to Use What?

  • ✅ Monolith:

    • Small to medium apps.

    • Simple business logic.

    • Quick delivery required.

    • Team size is small.

  • ✅ Microservices:

    • Large enterprise systems.

    • Need for independent scaling & deployments.

    • Multiple teams working on different modules.

    • Cloud-native, containerized solutions.

💡 Interview Tip:
If asked in an interview, explain the trade-offs:

  • Monolith is simpler but harder to scale/maintain as it grows.

  • Microservices bring scalability and flexibility but add complexity in communication, monitoring, and DevOps.

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