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Monolith vs Microservices in .NET Core

  Monolith vs Microservices in .NET Core 1. Monolithic Architecture Definition : A single, unified codebase where all modules (UI, business logic, data access) are part of one large application. Deployment : Deployed as a single unit (e.g., one .exe or .dll ). Scaling : Scales by cloning the entire application (vertical/horizontal scaling). Communication : Internal method calls (no network). Tech Stack : Typically limited to a single framework/runtime. Example in .NET Core : An ASP.NET Core MVC app with controllers, services, and EF Core all in the same project. Single database, one codebase, deployed to IIS/Kestrel. 2. Microservices Architecture Definition : A collection of small, independent services, each responsible for a specific business function. Deployment : Each service runs independently (often in Docker containers). Scaling : Scale individual services based on demand. Communication : Via APIs (REST, gRPC, message queues). ...
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.NET C# interview questions – the kind that interviewers actually ask to test depth, not just theory.

 .NET C# interview questions – the kind that interviewers actually ask to test depth, not just theory. I’ll give you a structured list with Basic → Intermediate → Advanced → Architect-level questions.

🔹 Basic Level (C# / .NET Fundamentals)

  1. What is the difference between value type and reference type in C#?

  2. Explain boxing and unboxing with an example.

  3. What are generics in C#? Why do we use them?

  4. What is the difference between const, readonly, and static?

  5. Explain the difference between abstract class and interface.

  6. How does Garbage Collection work in .NET?

  7. What are extension methods in C#?

  8. What’s the difference between IEnumerable, ICollection, IList, and IQueryable?

🔹 Intermediate Level (OOP, LINQ, Async, EF)

  1. Explain Dependency Injection. How is it implemented in .NET Core?

  2. What are async/await keywords in C#? How do they work internally?

  3. Difference between Task, Thread, and ValueTask.

  4. How does LINQ work internally? (Deferred vs Immediate execution)

  5. What is the difference between Entity Framework and ADO.NET?

  6. Explain lazy loading, eager loading, and explicit loading in Entity Framework.

  7. What are delegates and events in C#? Provide an example.

  8. Explain Covariance and Contravariance in C# with examples.

🔹 Advanced Level (Architecture & Performance)

  1. What is the difference between CLR, CTS, CLS in .NET?

  2. Explain difference between .NET Framework, .NET Core, and .NET 5/6/7.

  3. What is the difference between Struct and Class in C#?

  4. How does the GC generations (0,1,2) work in .NET?

  5. What are design patterns you have used in .NET? Example: Singleton, Repository, Factory.

  6. How do you handle caching in .NET Core? (MemoryCache, Distributed Cache, Redis)

  7. Explain Middleware in .NET Core and the request pipeline.

  8. What is the difference between REST API and gRPC in .NET?

🔹 Architect-Level (Enterprise & System Design)

  1. How would you design a scalable microservices system in .NET?

  2. Difference between Monolith vs Microservices architecture in .NET Core.

  3. How do you secure an API using JWT / OAuth 2.0 / IdentityServer?

  4. What are CQRS and Event Sourcing? How can they be implemented in .NET?

  5. How do you implement global exception handling & logging in .NET Core?

  6. What’s the role of Docker & Kubernetes in .NET applications?

  7. Explain Circuit Breaker pattern (e.g., with Polly in .NET Core).

  8. How do you design a multi-tenant SaaS application in .NET?

✅ These cover theory, coding, and real-world scenarios – perfect for interviews.

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